Nutrigenomics explores how nutrients or bioactive dietary compounds can influence gene expression and an individuals risk to certain diseases. Nutrigenetics is the study of how variations in an individual’s genetic makeup can increase or decrease the need for a specific nutrient or bioactive food component. Nutrigenomics has the potential to impact various parts of the food chain including the genetic modification of crops and animal feeds, the development of nutrigenomic tests to monitor food safety and personalization of diets, as well as the identification of nutritional supplements and nutrigenomic based products which may offer potential health benefits. The consumer environment is driving growth in the Nutrition & Health market. Over the past decade, consumers have become more concerned for their health and are increasingly inclined to invest in DTC nutrigenetic tests to assess their risk of disease and obtain dietary advice. Healthcare providers too, are keen to shift some of the burden of healthcare costs to individuals and recognize that the personalization of nutrition may be beneficial. The Health and nutrition market is currently worth around $485 billion. This report reviews the business strategies of leading companies regarding the adoption of nutrigenomic technologies and establishment of public-private partnerships as well as potential opportunities for biomarker discovery with the pharma and diagnostic industry to personalize nutrition and medicine. Key features of this report • Identify leading academic groups and companies at the forefront of the nutrigenomic research who will drive the market towards a more personalized approach to nutrition and disease prevention. • Assess the nutrigenomic testing market, leading companies and its role in empowering consumers to take a more active role in making dietary decisions and maintaining their health status • Review the backgrounds, strategies and business models of companies and assess potential opportunities to collaborate with the pharma and diagnostic industry. Scope of this report • Identify the companies leading the field in nutrigenomic research from ingredient & food manufacturers to nutrigenomic testing companies • Review their key products and business alliances which enable them to participate in this evolving field of science • Identify points of convergence of the pharma, diagnostic and food and drinks markets which may offer new opportunities for co development • Review market drivers regarding the adoption of nutrigenomic information and the personalization of nutrition. Key Market Issues • The food market is changing: Over the past decade, consumers have become more concerned for their health and wellbeing. The roll of the food and drinks industry is changing and shifting towards a more benefit driven and preventative approach. In order to respond to market dynamics the companies have needed to adopt an "open network" model to gain access to innovative research and technologies which will drive future product development. • Nutrigenomics & pharmacogenomics are related in their approach to identify subpopulations that respond to treatment/nutrition. The application of these technologies may lead to the identification of old and new ingredients that have beneficial effects for specific consumer groups, helping to maintain health and wellness and leading to the personalization of treatment and diets. The scientific evidence is mounting however, large scale clinical studies are needed to reinforce data which can be utilized initially in dietary guidance and latterly to support health claims. • Nutrigenomic testing marketing is growing and has been fueled by consumer concerns for their health and the demand for genomic information. Increasingly,consumers are inclined to invest in DTC nutrigenomic tests to assess their health status and obtain dietary guidance. This market is currently estimated to be worth US$730 million and growing by 20% per annum. Key findings from this report • The food and drinks industry has been undergoing major regulatory changes during the last few years, particularly with respect to health and dietary claims. Added to this, the adoption and application of nutrigenomic technologies, may provide additional clinical data to substantiate claims and provide new opportunities to develop products which target consumer sub groups. This may require further adjustments in the regulatory framework to stimulate innovation but ensure consumer safety. • There are significant market opportunities for the development of nutrigenomic tests and products which target consumer groups. Successful products will need to be supported by robust and reproducible clinical studies - these will cost time and money and will only be feasible through public / private collaborations. The results will enable the manufacturer to clearly differentiate themselves and target specific groups – leading to fragmentation of the market and a shift in he healthcare paradigm from treatment towards prevention. • Synergies exist between the food and drinks industry and the pharma and diagnostic industry that may create opportunities (e.g. biomarker discover) but also lead to conflicts as the food manufacturers aim to keep consumers healthier for longer forcing pharma to switch to a more preventative strategy by targeting lifestyle disease (e.g. obesity) as their pool of unhealthy ill patients contracts. Key questions answered • Which companies are involved in nutrigenomic testing and how may they influence the uptake of personalised nutrition? • How are Health and Nutrition market leaders applying nutrigenomic research in their R&D programs to develop new products or create new marketing opportunities? • What potential opportunities exist between the food and drinks industry and the pharma and diagnostic industry to co-develop biomarkers for the development of personalised nutrition and medicine.
Executive summary 10 Defining nutrigenomics 10 Market drivers 11 Collaborative nutrigenomic research & consortia 12 Leading food & drinks companies: nutrigenomic strategies 13 Leading nutrigenomic testing companies 14 Opportunities: convergence of pharma & diagnostics 15 Challenges: regulation, ethical & IP issues 16 Conclusions 17 Chapter 1 Defining nutrigenomics 20 Summary 20 Introduction 21 ’Omic technologies 23 Nutrigenomics and the food & drinks industry 26 Nutrigenomics & food products 28 Nutrigenomics & personalized nutrition 28 Report outline 29 Chapter 2 Market drivers 32 Summary 32 Introduction 33 Drivers for personalized nutrition 34 Healthy aging 34 Consumer demographics 36 Chronic non-communicable disease 38 Urbanization and the emerging markets 40 Global health economics 41 Conclusions on drivers for personalized nutrition 42 Chapter 3 Collaborative nutrigenomic research & consortia 46 Summary 46 Introduction 47 Nutrigenomic research consortia 47 Nutrigenomic research in the EU 49 The European Nutrigenomics Organization (NuGO) 49 DiOGenes 51 TI Food and Nutrition 51 Vision EpiFood Project 53 Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) 53 Public-private in age-related diseases 53 Nutrigenomic research in the US 55 Public-private partnership: genetically modified crops 57 Nutrigenomic research across the world 58 International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics (ISNN) 58 Conclusions 59 Chapter 4 Leading food & drinks companies: nutrigenomic strategies 62 Summary 62 Introduction 63 Ingredients manufacturers approach to nutrigenomics 64 BASF 64 Chr Hansen 66 DSM 69 Food manufacturers’ approach to nutrigenomics 73 Group Danone 73 Nestlé 76 Unilever 78 Pharma industry M&A in consumer nutrition 80 The evolving open network model 82 Co-development opportunities 86 Areas for market growth & time scales 88 Conclusions 90 Chapter 5 Leading nutrigenomic testing companies 94 Summary 94 Introduction 95 Market leaders 95 23andme.com 97 GeneLink 98 Gene Smart 98 Genova Diagnostics 99 Interleukin Genetics Inc 100 WellGen Inc. 102 Conclusions 104 Chapter 6 Opportunities: convergence of pharma & diagnostics 108 Summary 108 Introduction 109 Nutrigenomics vs pharmacogenomics 110 Global health issues treatment vs prevention 115 Convergence of the pharmaceutical & diagnostic market 116 Conclusions 118 Chapter 7 Challenges: regulation, ethical & IP issues 120 Summary 120 Introduction 121 Regulation of nutrigenomic foods 122 Europe 123 Japan 124 Regulation of nutrigenomic tests 125 Ethical issues 127 Public awareness & perceptions 128 Intellectual Property 129 Conclusions 131 Chapter 8 Conclusions 134 Summary 134 The food & drinks market 135 Global genetic testing market 136 Market trends 136 Overall conclusions 137 Appendix 140 Primary research methodology 140 Acknowledgments 141 Glossary 142 Index 145 Bibliography 148 Endnotes 151 List of Figures Figure 1.1: Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics 22 Figure 1.2: The ’omics technologies 24 Figure 1.3: The functional genomic tool box 26 Figure 1.4: Applications of nutrigenomics in the food chain 27 Figure 2.5: Drivers for the food & drinks industry 33 Figure 2.6: The ageing population a driver for personalized nutrition 35 Figure 2.7: Personalized nutrition targeting consumer segments 36 Figure 2.8: Population over 60: world and developed regions (1950-2050) 37 Figure 2.9: Nutritional challenges – obesity & metabolic syndrome 38 Figure 2.10: Growth in consumers in developing & emerging countries (2008-2018) 40 Figure 2.11: Healthcare expenditure as a share of GDP (2006) 41 Figure 2.12: Target population of nutrigenomic based products 43 Figure 4.13: BASF approach to gene discovery 65 Figure 4.14: DSMs sales growth targeting four emerging business areas 70 Figure 4.15 DSMs R&D competencies 72 Figure 4.16 An International and interdisciplinary network 75 Figure 4.17 Diversify & de-risk through externalization 84 Figure 4.18 Open network model 85 Figure 4.19: Waves of nutrigenomic development 90 Figure 5.20: WellGen’s nutrigenomic based discovery 103 Figure 6.21: Nutrigenomics vs pharmacogenomics 111 Figure 6.22: Relationship of drugs, disease, genes and gene products 113 Figure 8.23: Health and nutrition market segments (2009) 135 Figure 8.24: Nutrigenomic impact on personalized nutrition 139 List of Tables Table 3.1: European Consortia and Nutrigenomic Research Programs 50 Table 3.2: Nutrigenomics Network Programs 55 Table 4.3: Stakeholders in nutrigenomic research and personalized nutrition 63 Table 4.4: Chr Hansen - strategic alliances & investments 67 Table 4.5: Nestlé nutrigenomic alliances & investments 77 Table 4.6: Divestment of Animal, Consumer & Medical Nutrition Divisions 80 Table 4.7: Consumer Health Divisions of Pharmaceutical Companies 81 Table 4.8: Alliance between Food, Pharma, Biotech and the Diagnostic Industries 82 Table 5.9: Categorization of genetic variations that may be included in nutrigenomic tests 96 Table 5.10: Categorization of genetic variations that may be included in nutrigenomic tests 97 Table 6.11: Known diet- gene interactions 112 Table 6.12: Known gene-nutrient interactions 114
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